I Am Sam Essay Example For Students

I Am Sam Essay The 2001 film I Am Sam moves past the capacity of an engaging film and into the guide of a cultural proposition on the social word image of disablement in cutting edge life. Coordinated by Jessie Nelson ( Megan Dowdy. 2009 ). I Am Sam follows a simple-minded male parent. on his inherent pursue to recuperate detainment of his 7 twelvemonth old young lady Lucy. As an outcome. I am Sam gotten acknowledgment for its fitness and capacity to approach the powerless subject of scholarly disablements and child rearing. In 2002. the Producers Guild of America granted the makers and supervisors of the film with the principal Stanley Kramer grant for their capacity to pass on comprehension to corporate concerns. ( Goodridge. 2002 ) . consequently. the understanding of the positions explained in this film can be evaluated to set up how the portrayal of Sam as a crippled individual fits of rage inside cultural ideas. I Am Sam show’s two unmistakable methods that system impact of perceptual experience: the clinical hypothetical record and the cultural hypothetical record. Clinical Model In the clinical hypothetical record. social perceptual experience is found in the physiological or mental reason for the disablement ( Darke. P. 1997 ). As an outcome. disablement is seen as an unwellness that must be relieved. Fitting to editors Ann Pointon and Chris Davies. in the clinical hypothetical record. â€Å"it is the harm that comprises the disablement. exacerbated or better by the individual’s ain disposition towards it†. In the clinical hypothetical record. the presentation for covering with disablement is impossible to miss; all in all disablement and any side effects of abnormalcy must be restored so as to be classed ‘typical’. Albeit an individual’s disposition can help or mischief the situation. the demonstration of being crippled can simply be unraveled through bring arounding the harm ( Darke. P. 1997 ). This perspective fits in with the mutual position that â€Å"people must adjust to suit the standard of society. on the other hand of society changing to suit the assorted variety of people† ( Megan Dowdy. 2009 ) . A particular scene all through this film communicates the clinical hypothetical record great. Sam endeavors to draw in a truly elevated octane lawyer. Rita Harrison. so as to recuperate confinement *PLAY HUGGING RITA SCENE* . The order of Sam with his disablements prompts mechanical representations of him as a cultural castaway. He is portrayed in footings that mirror that he is an undesirable citizen. Whose agreeable relationship or organization is non required. Before Rita makes an endeavor to indict an amicable relationship with Sam in this manner on in the film. from the outset she turns out to be therapeutically insightful of him by his disablement. Subsequent to expressing Sam that she will be his lawyer free. he energetically and enthusiastically pulled her in to grasp her. In reply. Rita looked disturbed. Tailing she so cleaned her hands actually quickly. demoing that to a person of ‘normal class’ that something about Sam was dirty or sickening. Rita is only ready to approach and do companions with Sam after she starts to be appreciative for his thoughtfulness. In Rita’s purpose of position. Sam loses his grotesquery once she can sort him as Sam and non by his disablement ( Megan Dowdy 2009 ) as appeared in this scene *PLAY ORIGAMI BARRIER SCENE* Sam makes the origami detour which he sits inside with Rita responding by looking at Sam through a little hole in the obstructor. with a camera edge only providing an outrageous close up of his face from her place of position. Through her situation of this scene Sam is the point of convergence of the full screen. This depicts a revelation with respect to when Rita starts to focus on Sam as just an ordinary individual and having the option to look farther than his clinical disablements. .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e , .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .postImageUrl , .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e , .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e:hover , .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e:visited , .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e:active { border:0!important; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e:active , .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e:hover { obscurity: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ucf38f7a3 0f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Things They Carried Essay SummaryAttach toing this is the lighting of the scene. The illuming turns out to be warm when society permits Sam to set up associations with individuals. The origami scene has an increasingly heightened splendor. in contrasting with when Sam principal met Rita at her office. This shows differentiate. turn trip that Sam is at his most joyful while having the option to talk with individuals. Despite the fact that the scene itself is one where Sam is truly troubled the lighting tends to that when Sam has been disturbed in the days gone by he has had no 1 to trust in because of corporate generali zations of which he and his companions are acceptable aware of. At a certain point of the film. a clinical hypothetical record is farther investigated when Sam and his companions cautiously attempt to camouflage their disablements when Sam is puting up his new answering machine. Sam concludes that so as to be a decent male parent he should seem like he is non intellectually debilitated. what's more, in the expressions of Brad his companion. Sam must â€Å"sound like a typical person† ( Nelson. 2001 ) on the other hand of being distinguished by a disablement. Social Model In the cultural hypothetical record. social flimsiness is installed in the perspectives and institutional model neighboring disablement ( Darke. P. 1997 ). In the situation of the cultural hypothetical record. preliminaries are shaped non by the disablement itself. yet, the human progress and environmental factors the disablement is situated into. As an outcome. in the event that individuals with disablements are weak to restoratively bring around their harms so they are non naturally occupations of society. On the other hand. speaking with them decides their social status ( Megan Dowdy. 2009 ). In contrast to the clinical hypothetical record in the cultural hypothetical record there is no touchable treatment for the disablement. The social perceptual experience of disablement adjustments as society develops or in any case changes. Orchestrating to editors Pointon and Davies in the cultural hypothetical record. â€Å"disability is in this manner non a fixed status howev er a cultural idea and detached to activity and adjustment. One may hold a harm ( or ‘condition’ ) yet in the correct scene and with the privilege AIDSs and mentalities one may non be debilitated by it† ( 1997. p. 2 ). An outline of using the cultural hypothetical record all through the content is the initial scene of I Am Sam. *OPENING SUGAR PACKET SCENE* . Fundamentalss of the cultural hypothetical record are prove during a word image of a Sam that is empowered. In the cultural hypothetical record Sam is non perceived by his disablement however by who he is as an individual. In the hole of the film the cultural hypothetical record gets apparent through Sam’s position. In the class of shootings that show only Sam’s hands set uping sugar bundles and completing endeavors to prepared Starbucks to open. the hole initially presents Sam as a useful troublesome working citizen. Simply thusly does the camera fast move out and seeing crowds understand that Sam has a disablement. Supporting the cultural hypothetical record of this scene is the masterful constituent of sound. Jessie Nelson has deliberately opened this film with the fundamental pacing of Sam’s life. As musical percussion next to each other an air current instrument. the difficulty free. positive round plays the methodic way in which Sam carries on with his life. Toward the beginning of the film. Sam has a customized stride in his life ; he works during the yearss. chows at IHOP on Wednesday darks. thus has film darks with his companions ( J Nelson. 2001 ). The moderate. idealistic round of the imprint reflects Sam’s ability to take control over life processs and emphatically work together in the public arena. All survey audienc

Taybeh Brewing Company

†¢Joint adventure with Jordan †¢Sales advancement, for example, T-shirts, pens, tops †¢Beer celebration †¢Sponsor a nearby group †¢Organize camps for individuals. TBC can make a joint endeavor with an organization in Jordan, as that would cut down the import charge impressively. Along these lines it can enter the Jordan advertise with lower costs and higher benefits. To improve the deals inside Palestine, it can advertise its item by appropriating deals advancement things, for example, bottle openers, shirts, tops, pens thus. This promoting expertise would not cost a great deal to the organization yet is extremely compelling. The lager celebration â€Å" oktoberfest† is commended in Palestine by TBC. This ought to be proceeded for a ton of years ahead and all the nearby individuals and voyagers ought to be sans given lager. Along these lines it will end up being a custom in not many years and TBC will have an enduring impression in everyone’s mind TBC can likewise be the backer for a neighborhood sports group. Concerning me in UK all I think about Aon is just through MANU. Many individuals get pulled in towards games and in this manner this should help the organization positively on the off chance that they have their name up on one of the nearby groups. Palestine is a creating nation and part of mobs have been going on in the nation from not many years. On the off chance that the camps are sorted out for the penniless individuals where fundamental necessities, for example, food and asylum are given then it would help fabricate advertising.

How to Write My Research Paper - 3 Tips to Make It Easier

How to Write My Research Paper - 3 Tips to Make It EasierAs a beginning graduate student, I was frequently frustrated by how much time it took to write my research paper. Every time I began to do some research, I would think to myself, 'Why do I have to go back and start over again?' Many times, I tried to rewrite things several times before moving on to another topic. The process seemed more like a never-ending process of rewriting rather than actually getting a decent quality work done.There are a few tips that I have found can help get rid of this problem for you as well. Writing your research paper is one of the first major decisions you will make in college, so be sure to focus on doing it correctly. Here are a few ways to make it easier.A common mistake is to first write out all of your ideas and then try to organize them. This makes sense to the brain and makes it very easy to think logically. However, in terms of paper writing, this is not an effective way to organize your th oughts. Your research should flow naturally from your current experience and not be written in such a way that it is constantly changing based on where you are right now in your life.The second tip is to take notes during your research using the journal. By using the journal you will not only be able to write out ideas, but you will also be able to sort through them quickly. Using the journal as a way to organize your ideas can also help you remember what was important to you. For example, if you are writing a paper about the use of gold in medieval art, it may be useful to write out a few things about the particular art piece you were studying. If you don't do this, you may lose focus and just forget what it was you were trying to learn.Lastly, remember to put all of your information into a logical order. If you are beginning a study, consider starting with a few of the major topics of interest. When it comes time to write your research paper, all you need to do is remember what is important to you and start writing in this order.Begin organizing your ideas by putting them in a logical order before beginning your research. Then, you will be able to effectively organize your information as you finish your research. After you are finished, you will be able to start re-organizing the information at the end to write your paper. This will help to make your writing a much easier process.By following these simple tips, you can create a much more organized research paper that will make writing a lot easier. Use these tips, and you can enjoy the benefits of writing a great research paper!

Christian Philosophy Versus Christian Worldview - 1794 Words

Introduction Human viewpoint differs and leads to diverse worldviews. Several factors contribute to the creation of worldviews; the environment, experiences and most importantly the education that a human is exposed to. The question is often asked if there is such a thing as a right or wrong worldview, since it can consist of subjective opinions on life, love, family and religious philosophies. These worldviews create philosophical questions regarding how society truly functions and different human principles. As educators it is critical that one nurtures the Christian mind in order to fulfill the Christian worldview. It is also absolutely essential that the education system and learning objectives put forward are relevant because they make significant contributions to worldview. This paper aims to discuss Christian philosophy versus Christian worldview and explain how they are directly related. It will also describe what the author of this paper believes the truth about society is and their vision for a better society. The paper will also identify the roles of the teacher and leaner and finally discuss the roles of the society, government, church, and family in the development of curriculum. Christian Philosophy and Worldview â€Å"Christian philosophy is defined as a way of life. It involves the reason for human life, why human life was created and sustained by God and nourished by His Spirit, and lastly, to where our human life is destined to lead us in the future†(Maritn,Show MoreRelatedChristian Philosophy Versus Christian Worldview1294 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Human perspective differs and leads to diverse worldviews. Several factors contribute to the creation of worldviews; the environment, experiences and most importantly the education that a human is exposed to. 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History of the United Kingdom The UK has gone through a plethora of rulers throughout its historyRead MoreEssay about HLT 310V personal worldview inventory assignment week one1242 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Running head: Personal Worldview Inventory Personal Worldview Inventory Grand Canyon University Spirituality in Healthcare HLT-310V May 18, 2015 Personal Worldview Inventory There are many different meanings to the word spirituality. Spirituality can be defined in several different ways, as it pertains to different worldviews. Throughout this paper we will look at and discuss worldview as it related to pluralism, scientism, and postmodernism. Worldviews have been known to be a matterRead MoreUnderstanding The Current Epistemological Understanding1627 Words   |  7 Pagesepistemological understanding. Comment on the following issues: a. Does a real world exist? In what form? Yes, a real world does exist. It is independent of the mind as the world we live in is tangible, visible, and created with a purpose. As a Christian, I know the world exist because God created it and recorded the creation story in Genesis. Additionally, God created knowledge and wisdom including, general revelation. General revelation holds people accountable for knowing the Maker of the UniverseRead MoreThe History Of Psychology By Benjamin s Mainstream Narrative, Lecture Notes, And Other Readings From Class2287 Words   |  10 Pagesfindings and compare their relevance to my own story, to show the importance of worldview visibility and being a deeply engaged strongly perspectival Christian. Throughout my life I have struggled to find balance between confessing my faith while being fully immersed within the world. These seems to correlate with the history of psychology as they are trying to become more scientific while holding onto Christian morals. During this essay I will explore the story of my life and the historyRead MoreThere Is Much To Be Said About The Various Theoretical1211 Words   |  5 Pageseducational theories: perennialism, essentialism, reconstructivism, progressivism, educational humanism, and behaviorism. Then the focus will turn to two of the theories, perennialism and behaviorism, that evoked a strong response in how I, as a Christian, related to them. The theories analyzed Perennialist’s approach focuses on the rational intellect, absolutes and the idea of mind and reasoning with mental discipline. The teacher is to instruct students towards knowledge and understanding truthRead MoreEtics of Myself3632 Words   |  15 PagesMy Philosophy of Life 1 Final Paper: My Philosophy of Life Amber DeNooy Colorado Christian University HUM 425 Professor: David Mullaney June 7, 2003 My Philosophy of Life 2 Over the past 13 months that I have been attending CCU, I have learned a great deal about myself. This has been especially true during the past five weeks while in the Personal and Social Ethics course. Our philosophy of life greatly influences our ethical decision- making. This paper will discuss several areas relatedRead MoreWe Should Hunger For A Stronger Relationship With God1400 Words   |  6 PagesAs Christians, a goal for learning is to develop one’s ability to achieve our maximum potential to pay it forward to others in our daily walk. Allowing God to lead us can help us within our professional and personal lives. We should hunger for a stronger relationship with God. As we journey through life, we should integrate God into all aspects such as school, play, work. We should be committed to setting a good example of being leader, an exceptional student, and most of all serving others. IntegratingRead MorePhilosophy Rejected Essay2019 Words    |  9 PagesPhilosophy is an interesting pursuit. It causes us to search for truth, ethics and ask the question â€Å"why?† more often than we would otherwise. However, I have found that philosophy itself rather distracting. It leads to false answers to what might sometimes be false questions. It leads to radically held beliefs that can be destructive, difficult to understand, and often contrary to reality. Worst of all, it often answers questions that we as humans have no business answering with any certainty. IRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1558 Words   |  7 Pagesbelief versus, a belief in a God who allows the suffering of his people. He suggested that the problem of evil and the fact that evil exists meant that God could not exist. McCloskey urges that people should just help each other rather than, placing their faith in a God that is clearly imperfect due to the imperfect world that he has created. Credible as McCloskey may be, I saw many error s in his theory. It is my opinion that his attempt to define God is completely unsound, and his philosophy is at

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1751 Words

In Harper Lee’s famous novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† she uses many elements of fiction to provide a clearer description for the readers to understand the themes better. The main theme of the novel is the distinction of good and evil in the morals of human nature. Lee uses the elements of setting, point of view, symbolism, and conflict to help her develop the storyline of the novel. The story is in the point of view of the main character, Scout Finch. The basic summary of the story is that Scout and her brother Jem spend much of their time in their town of Maycomb, Alabama with their friend, Dill. The three children spend their time spying on the town recluse, Boo Radley. Their widowed father, Atticus Finch, is the town’s most respected defense lawyer. During the novel’s climax Atticus takes on the case of a black man, Tom Robinson, who is innocent but accused with alleged rape against Mayella Ewell. The trial and the events that follow expose the chil dren to the corrupted views of racism and stereotypes by the townspeople of Maycomb, Alabama. In order for readers to understand the novel better they have to understand the author and her literary habits and preferences. According to an article by Jay Mill, Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama on April 28, 1926. She entered into the University of Alabama, and spent a year in England as an exchange student at Oxford University. Lee moved to New York City, not completing her law degree, to become an airline clerk. SheShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establ ishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,Read MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, her

Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn American Perspective free essay sample

Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: American Perspective Many of the pieces if literature have different perspectives on the American society and government and also have different affects on the readers. One piece of literature that really deals with American society in the 19th century is Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. This piece of literature deals with racism and the different reforms the government was trying to enforce, which made some people quite upset, along with giving different perspectives of society at this time. One of the characters in this story is referred to as Pap. This is Huck Finns father and he seems to be in the lower social class of society. He is an alcoholic who thinks the government is against him and also believes the government is stupid for its different reforms, especially the one that lets Negros be free and not slaves in the South if they have not been there for a long enough time. We will write a custom essay sample on Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: American Perspective or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He believes that all Negros should be slaves and that the government is stupid for not implementing that belief. The whole issue with slaves is not an issue anymore, but still many people are racists, including the older generation. This type of attitude is still held by some people, that Negros should be held at a lower class because they are not good as white people or that the Negros think they are better than white people. Pap also believes the justice system is corrupt and it is all about power. He refuses to give custody of Huck to Judge Thatcher and the Widow because he feels like he has more right to Huck because he is his father, even though he has a history of neglect and abuse. This reflects some of the lower class even now because some people feel like their children should not be taken away from them, even though they abuse them or neglect them or something that is just not legal. They will disrespect the justice system and say several crude statements about our justice system. Pap is a character in this novel that reflects some of the lowest in the lower class in American society from the 19th century and now. Pap makes one think about how the members of the lower class act. Some of the lower class are proud people and refuse to act this way, but there are the alcoholics and drug addicts of this class that gives everyone a bad name. Pap represents the worst of the lower class for the 19th century and he displays that not much has changed for these types of people, other than now they take money from the government and then say the government is horrible. This novel shows other perspectives of American society. There is Jim, who is a slave, which gives almost the opposite perspectives to Pap. Jim is a genuinely nice person when he is even lower than Pap in social ranking. The Widow gives a different perspective. She does not speak much about her view of the government but she is perceived as lower class to middle class. She believes everyone should be civilized, which Pap and Huck are not. She gives a very different perspective then Pap, Huck, or Jim. Then there is the perception of society Huck has. He wants to run away from it all. He does not want to be part of a society where he has to be civilized. He is a typical teenager and some teens in the present think and act in these ways. The different perspectives represented in this book seem to be represented even now, in 2013. This piece of literature changed my perspective on America because it made me realize that this is still how many Americans act in society today. There might be different issues, but there is still the attitudes that are displayed in this piece of literature. People think we have moved forward and become better, but we truly have not done this. This book may not be modern, but it applies to many modern situations and behaviors of the different social classes and the government. All one has to do is read this book and think about the ignorant people in our society and realize we have not really changed at all in the past 150 to 200 years other than more equal rights and we have all gotten lazier because of technology. Those are the only differences in our society now, and this novel made me realize this.

The advertisement use language and visual techniques Essay Example For Students

The advertisement use language and visual techniques Essay This 1962 advertisement promotes the Marlboro brand cigarettes, which now have a filter. However at the time, filtered cigarettes were new to people and therefore considered feminine. This advert is targeted at a narrower and sceptical audience of men, since the image suggests that real men also smoke filtered Marlboro cigarettes. To convey successfully its messages, the advert has several visual elements as well as persuasive diction and structure to enhance the overall quality of the advert and get the message across more effectively. The most obvious visual element in the advertisement is the contrast between colours. The brand image and name are highlighted in red colour to attract the attention of potential customers. This is the primary objective of the advertisement. The colour red is chosen to make the reader alert of the brand name and image if the advertisement is in a highway for instance. The second objective or message is to promote the change to filtered cigarettes from unfiltered ones, hence the letters and image of a football player in black and white colours. We will write a custom essay on The advertisement use language and visual techniques specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A football player is used to make men see that smoking a filtered cigarette is not feminine at all. The first paragraph of the advertisement uses an opened question to make the reader think why does he not settle back an have a full-flavoured smoke? This makes the reader want to buy a pack of cigarettes and enjoy them as Paul Hornung is doing so in the image below. Paul, the Player of the Year in the NFL is portrayed as a manly figure and makes readers certain that also men can smoke filtered cigarettes. In the image Paul is smoking one of the new cigarettes with a filter and the expression on his face infers that he is enjoying it, perhaps after a heavy session of training, he is relaxing with a Marlboro cigarette, with the tranquillity on his mind that his performance on the field will not be affected by smoking because now the cigarettes have a filter. The loyalty towards a brand of cigarettes is also encouraged in the advert since Paul is said to be a Marlboro man all the way. This will make readers certain that they can trust the Marlboro brand and hence incite them to always buy Marlboro cigarettes as Paul Hornung. Just as the question at the top says, Why dont you settle back Paul is sitting back and enjoying a full-flavoured cigarette This makes the reader envious of Paul in the image and makes them want to buy a cigarette on the way back home from work and sit back in their favourite chair and smoke one of these cigarettes. The image of Paul works as a serving suggestion. It tells the reader how cigarettes should be smoked.

Free Essays on Augustus

Ancient Rome was built on the east, or left, bank of the Tiber on elevations (now much less prominent) emerging from the marshy lowlands of the Campagna. The seven hills of the ancient city are the Palatine, roughly in the center, with the Capitoline to the northwest and the Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline, Caelian, and Aventine in an outlying north-southwest curve. The Pincian, N of the Quirinal, is not included among the seven. In the westward bend of the Tiber, W of the Quirinal, lies the Martian Field (Campus Martius), facing the Vatican across the Tiber. On the side of the Tiber opposite the Palatine is the Janiculum, a ridge running north and south, which was fortified in early times.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Early in the first millennium BC the Tiber divided the Italic peoples from the Etruscans in the north and west (see Etruscan civilization ). Not far to the north were the borders between the Sabines and the Latins ; the Sabines were closely related to Roman life from the very beginning. The hills of Rome, free from the malaria that had been the bane of the low-lying plains of Latium, were a healthful and relatively safe place to live and a meeting ground for Latins, Sabines, and Etruscans. In the 8th cent. BC, the fortified elevation of the Palatine was probably taken by Etruscans, who amalgamated the tiny hamlets about the Palatine into a city-state. Tradition tells of the founding of Rome by Romulus in 753 BC (hence the dating ab urbe condita, or AUC, i.e., from the founding of the city), and of the Tarquin family, the Etruscan royal house. It was probably Etruscan rule that civilized Rome and gave it the hegemony of Latium. The Roman Republic   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Romans overthrew their foreign rulers c.500 BC and established the Roman republic, which lasted four centuries. The patrician class controlled the government, but the plebs (who comprised by far the major portion of the population) were allowed to elect the two patrician consuls, wh... Free Essays on Augustus Free Essays on Augustus Ancient Rome was built on the east, or left, bank of the Tiber on elevations (now much less prominent) emerging from the marshy lowlands of the Campagna. The seven hills of the ancient city are the Palatine, roughly in the center, with the Capitoline to the northwest and the Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline, Caelian, and Aventine in an outlying north-southwest curve. The Pincian, N of the Quirinal, is not included among the seven. In the westward bend of the Tiber, W of the Quirinal, lies the Martian Field (Campus Martius), facing the Vatican across the Tiber. On the side of the Tiber opposite the Palatine is the Janiculum, a ridge running north and south, which was fortified in early times.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Early in the first millennium BC the Tiber divided the Italic peoples from the Etruscans in the north and west (see Etruscan civilization ). Not far to the north were the borders between the Sabines and the Latins ; the Sabines were closely related to Roman life from the very beginning. The hills of Rome, free from the malaria that had been the bane of the low-lying plains of Latium, were a healthful and relatively safe place to live and a meeting ground for Latins, Sabines, and Etruscans. In the 8th cent. BC, the fortified elevation of the Palatine was probably taken by Etruscans, who amalgamated the tiny hamlets about the Palatine into a city-state. Tradition tells of the founding of Rome by Romulus in 753 BC (hence the dating ab urbe condita, or AUC, i.e., from the founding of the city), and of the Tarquin family, the Etruscan royal house. It was probably Etruscan rule that civilized Rome and gave it the hegemony of Latium. The Roman Republic   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Romans overthrew their foreign rulers c.500 BC and established the Roman republic, which lasted four centuries. The patrician class controlled the government, but the plebs (who comprised by far the major portion of the population) were allowed to elect the two patrician consuls, wh...

Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles Essay Example for Free

Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles Essay Hello my name is Chassidy Mitchem I would absolutely love to be a part of your cosmetology program. I love to do hair and, make up. Doing hair is something I enjoy doing in my free time. It’s a way to get away from people and let my mind explore into better things. I enjoy looking and trying new hair styles and colors. I have done makeup and hair for Homecoming court and Grand March. It would be an absolute dream to get into this school and have some hands on time with the things I love doing while learning more about Cosmetology. Cosmetology is very important to the world because someone will always want their hair done or make up done. Most people only want to go to a professional so they know they will be getting the best of their money. You could also be able to set up your own business around your area. I differ from a lot of my peers because no one really understands the importance of Cosmetology the way I do. Everyone thinks it useless. Cosmetology is just as important as other jobs because someone will always need you. There will always be someone needing their eye brows done or maybe there nails especially during homecoming and prom or even a wedding. I’ve talked to a couple people and got some really interesting opinions. Some people has told me I wouldn’t make it and some people has told me I would, but my motto is â€Å"Never give up, because you never know how close you are to fulfilling your dream.† I plan on getting this degree and opening my own salon and I feel that it will give me knowledge I need to know for success. I learned to do this at a young age and I feel very strong about this career. I believe this will be the field I dedicate myself to. I hope to be attending this college at whatever time the school year would begin Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles. (2016, May 06).

A forest of symbols. How appropriate is this phrase as a description Essay

A forest of symbols. How appropriate is this phrase as a description of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness - Essay Example Instead, he finds meaning in the outside nature of things, what can be seen and touched and therefore proved. This emphasizes the importance of symbolism in bringing out the meaning of the story as Marlowe, concentrating on the outside, will make finding true meaning difficult at best. However, Marlow’s experience in the Congo has changed him to a man who cannot ignore the deeper meanings of the symbols around him. Like the rest of the story, in which everything seems to be reversed with its opposite or at best misunderstood in its entirety, the opening of the novel depends largely upon symbols as a means of conveying this sense of inner conflict between the nature of a thing and itself. The concepts of inward and outward, civilized and savage and light and dark are recurrent themes throughout the novel, introduced at the novel’s beginning and illustrating how each of these words are actually defined by cultural rather than actual standards. The bulk of the book concentrates on Marlowe’s telling of his adventures on the Congo River as a steamboat captain sent in to find a station master who has gone missing. As he struggles to make his way up the river to the interior where this man is supposed to be waiting for him, Marlowe begins to gain a deeper understanding of what is actually occurring in the forest outside the realm of what he’s been told by the Company. The trip on the Congo serves as a frame for a variety of adventures Marlow experienced as a younger man including encountering abject poverty, the frightening sight of ‘black men’ (never humans) working, chain gangs, uncomfortable station managers and broken down steamer ships. He is exposed to the most self-centered and greed-oriented individuals who appear to view the jungle as their personal treasure chest, to be exploited in any way they see fit, rather

Air Passenger Duty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Air Passenger Duty - Essay Example The price-quantity equilibrium with APD =  £11, is shown by points A and B in Fig: 1. The fare that the consumers pay is given by Pd1 and the amount that the sellers receive is shown by Ps1. The difference between these two prices, given by AB (=  £11), is collected as the duty fee per unit by the government. The equilibrium supply of the short-haul trips is Q1. Now with the hike in APD, demand curve falls further to D2. As again, the vertical distance between D2 and D0 is  £12. The new equilibrium quantity and prices are now given by the points C and D. Fares that the buyers pay is now Pd2 and the sellers receive as much as Ps2. Again the difference between these two prices, i.e. CD (= £12) is taken as the duty fee per unit by the government. The equilibrium quantity of short haul trips now reduces to Q2. Thus the entire effect of this decision can be summarised below: From the society’s point of view the dead weight loss from the taxation also rises. With APD =  £11, it is equal to the area of the triangle ABE, but with the hike of  £1 in APD, the dead weight loss will be equal to the area of the larger triangle CDE. Hence the deadweight loss or the loss in social welfare accumulates with this decision (Mankiw, 2008, p. 164). Thus the buyers’ price will rise exactly by the hike in the rate of tax, i.e.  £1, only if Ed = 0, which means the price elasticity of demand is equal to zero which further means that the demand curve is vertical and perfectly inelastic. In case of perfectly inelastic demand the buyers will not try to look for alternatives even if the price of that commodity rises. They will not try to shift their consumption to elsewhere very easily. Producers will, in such cases, try to take advantage of buyers’ strong inclination towards their product. They will pass the entire burden of increased taxes onto the buyers successfully. Thus if the demand is perfectly inelastic, buyers have to bear the entire burden of

The Issue of Happiness in Gooseberries Essay example -- Gooseberries E

The Issue of Happiness in Gooseberries One who seeks their own happiness through life will fail to do much good for others. A preoccupation with achieving this "ideal" state of happiness will certainly lead to an inconsiderate view of the world. Anton Chekhov's story Gooseberries portrays a man who has come to this realization. He has seen the consequences of pure unadulterated happiness, and describes his subsequent emotions as "melancholy". Why should an educated man, a veterinary surgeon none the less, have such issues with human happiness? This paper seeks to understand the question and relate it to the motives of the author, Anton Chekhov. It is important, first of all, to ascertain the meaning of the word happiness in the context which it is used in the story. This would be a good time to give the Webster's Dictionary definition of the word happiness. But is that really necessary? Who is Webster anyway to attempt to define a human emotion!? Instead, it would be more accurate definition if you simply think of your own happiness. What makes you happy? What do you do in order to attain happiness? Only after you answer these questions will you be able to understand the word in the way that Chekhov intended. Wouldn't it be difficult to suppress happiness? If you don't think so, just ask Bertha from Bliss. In the first paragraph of Gooseberries, the last line reads, "On this still day, when the whole of nature seemed kindly and pensive, Ivan Ivanich and Burkin felt a surge of love for this plain, and thought how vast and beautiful their country was". If beauty and love don't afford happiness, what does? It becomes apparent after reading and re-reading the story, what Chekhov means by the word happiness. T... ...easants at his home without fee. Chekhov also worked in clinics during times of famine and epidemic. Thus, Chekhov was exposed to all of "...the terrible things in life that are played out behind the scenes". Although Chekhov performed many good deeds throughout his life, it is likely that he felt as if he had not done enough. One reason why he might have felt this way was his long and painful battle with tuberculosis. As he writes near the end of the story: "I am old and unfit for the struggle, I am even incapable of feeling hatred. I can only suffer inwardly, and give way to irritation and annoyances, at night my head burns from the rush of thoughts, and I am unable to sleep...Oh, if only I were young!" Anton Chekhov was by no means old when he died from tuberculosis. But how it must make a man feel old knowing that his days are numbered.

Nestle Operations

THE NESTLE STORY Nestle S. A. the present Switzerland based international food group, originally consisted of two companies and two products: Henri Nestle and his baby food in Vevey, and the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk company and its condensed Milk Company and its condensed milk in Cham, both in Switzerland. In 1866 the Page Brothers form the United States set up a new industry in Cham, making condensed milk from a raw material that was available in abundance in the region. In 1867 Henri Nestle a chemist in Vevey, created a milk and cereal based food for babies.The companies competed vigorously until 1905, when they merged and became the starting point of the present food group.MEANING OF NESTLE: Henri Nestle endowed his company with the symbol derived from his name. His family coat of arms, the nest with a mother bird protecting her young, became the Company's logo and a symbol of the Company's care and attitude to life-long nutrition. The Nestle nest represents the nourishment, security and sense o f family that are so essential to life.BRIEF HISTORY OF NESTLE: 1866 -1905In the 1860s Henri Nestle, a pharmacist, developed a food for babies who were unable to breastfeed. 1905-1918 In 1905 Nestle merged with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company. By the early 1900s, the company was operating factories in the United States, Britain, Germany and Spain.. 1918 -1938 . The 1920s saw Nestle's first expansion into new products, with chocolate the Company's second most important activity. 1938 -1944 Nestle felt the effects of World War II immediately. Profits dropped from $20 million in 1938 to $6 million in 1939.Factories were established in developing countries, particularly Latin America. Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the Company's newest product, Nescafe, which was a staple drink of the US military.. 1944 -1975 In 1947 came the merger with Magi seasonings and soups. Crosse & Blackwell followed in 1950, as did Findus (1963), Libby's (1971) and Stouffer's (1973). Diversification came with a shareholding in L'Oreal in 1974. 1975 -1981 Nestle made its second venture outside the food industry by acquiring Alcon Laboratories Inc.. 1981 -1996Nestle divested a number of businesses1980 / 1984. In 1984, Nestle's improved bottom line allowed the Company to launch a new round of acquisitions, the most important being American food giant Carnation. 1996+ The first half of the 1990s proved to be favorable for Nestle: trade barriers crumbled and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Since 1996 there have been acquisitions including San Pellegrino (1997), Spillers Pet foods (1998) and Ralston Purina (2002). There were two major acquisitions in North America, both in 2002: in July, Nestle merged its U.S. ice cream business into Dreyer's, and in August, a USD 2. 6bn acquisition was announced of Chef America, Inc NESTLE TODAY Nestle is now the world’s largest food company. It is present on five continents, has an annual turnover 70 billion Swiss francs ,runs 522 factories in 81 countries, 200operating companies, 1basic research center and 20 technological development group and more than 231,000 employees the world over. The Nestle factories are operating in the region of   Africa America Asia Europe OceaniaBeing a company dedicated to food from the beginning, Nestle remains sensitive to culinary and eating habits, and responds to specific nutritional problems, whilst also setting and matching new trends such as growing out-of-home consumption and caring about the well being of its consumers.MISSION STATEMENT Nestle, believe that research can help them make better food so that people live a better life. Good Food is the primary source of Good Health throughout life. Nestle strive to bring consumers foods that are safe, of high quality and provide optimal nutrition to meet physiological needs.In addition to Nutrition, Health and Wellness, Nestle products bring consumers the vital ingredients of tas te and pleasure. As consumers continue to make choices regarding foods and beverages they consume, Nestle helps provide selections for all individual taste and lifestyle preferences. Research is a key part of heritage at Nestle and an essential element of future. There is still much to discover about health, wellness and the role of food in lives, and continue to search for answers to bring consumers Good Food for Good LifeVISION STATEMENTThe Nestle global vision is to be the leading health, wellness, and Nutrition Company in the world.NESTLE BRANDS At Nestle, products are developed keeping consumers, their preferences and health in mind. Millions of consumers the world over trust Nestle products for good reason: when they choose a Nestle product they have the satisfaction of choosing quality, taste, variety, convenience and the good nutrition. With over 140 years of experience and expertise, Nestle take great pride in bringing us a portfolio of health and wellness because happy, he althy consumers are important to Nestle.The ten principles of business operations Nutrition, Health and Wellness Nestle core aim is to enhance the quality of consumers’ lives every day, everywhere by offering tastier and healthier food and beverage choices and encouraging a healthy lifestyle. Nestle express this viatheir corporate proposition Good Food, Good Life. Guided by their commitment to Nutrition, Health and Wellness, they work to increase the nutritional value of their products while also improving taste and enjoyment. Nestle also develop brand communication and information that encourages and empowers onsumers to make informed choices about their diet. Quality assurance and product safety Everywhere in the world, the Nestle name represents a promise to the consumer that the product is safe and of high standard. Nestle commitment is never to compromise on the safety of any product. Their Quality Policy summarizes the essentials of their passion for excellence:to build trust by offering products and services that match consumer expectation and preference;to comply with all internal and external food safety, regulatory and quality requirements.Quality is everybody’s commitment. Nestle continuously challenge theirselves in order to constantly improve and achieve the highest levels of quality. It maintain the same high food safety standards in all countries in which they operate. They ensure the delivery of high quality products through their Quality Management System. Consumer communication Nestle is committed to responsible, reliable consumer communication that empowers consumers to exercise their right to informed choice and promotes healthier diets.They respect consumer privacy. Their core business strategy is built around helping consumers to have a balanced, healthier diet. The Nestle Consumer Communication Principles contain mandatory rules on marketing communication to all consumers, including accurate representation and portrayal of foods in a way that does not encourage over? consumption. In addition, specific principles guide their communication to children including no advertising or marketing activity to children under 6 years of age.Advertising to children from 6 to 12 years is restricted to products that meet predetermined nutritional profiling criteria, including clear limits on energy and healthsensitive ingredients such as sugars, salt, saturated fat and trans fatty acids. Human rights in business activities Nestle fully support the United Nations Global Compact’s (UNGC) guiding principles on human rights and labor and aim to provide an example of good human rights and labor practices throughout nestle business activities.Leadership and personal responsibility Nestle success is based on their people. It treat each other with respect and dignity and expect everyone to promote a sense of personal responsibility. Nestle recruit competent and motivated people who respect their values, provide equal opportunities for their development and advancement, protect their privacy and do not tolerate any form of harassment or discrimination. Nestle Management and Leadership PrinciplesNestle Management and Leadership Principles describe the culture and basic values they expect their employees to uphold, as well as the attributes needed to be successful in management and leadership Safety and health at work Nestle is committed to preventing accidents, injuries and illness related to work, and to protect employees, contractors and others involved along the value chain. Nestle Policy on Safety and Health at Work establishes safety as a non-negotiable priority of their culture.They recognize and require that everyone play an active role in providing a safe and healthy environment, and promote awareness and knowledge of safety and health to employees, contractors and other people related to or impacted by their business activities by setting high standards. Nestle monitor their performance t hrough the Nestle Occupational Safety and Health Management System to assure a safe and healthy life. Supplier and customer relations Nestle require their suppliers, agents, subcontractors and their employees to demonstrate honesty, integrity and fairness, and to adhere to their non-negotiable standards.In the same way, they are committed to their own customers. The Supplier Code includes requirements such as business integrity, sustainable operating and agricultural practices, labor standards, safety, health and environmental . practices. Agriculture and rural development Nestle contribute to improvements in agricultural production, the social and economic status of farmers, rural communities and in production systems to make them more environmentally sustainable.To ensure that their factories obtain raw materials competitively and at required quality and safety specifications Nestle engage in developing sustainable agricultural practices and systems that contribute to long-term pr oduction efficiency, viable incomes for farmers and the transfer of agricultural knowledge to suppliers;Nestle support the application of new technologies and advances in agricultural science, including the opportunities offered by bioscience when their positive effect on food safety, environment, agricultural practices and production efficiency are scientifically confirmed and accepted by consumers. Environmental sustainability Nestle commit themselves to environmentally sustainable business practices.At all stages of the product life cycle they strive to use natural resources efficiently, favor the use of sustainably managed renewable resources, and target zero waste. They invest continuously to improve their environmental performance. Water Nestle is committed to the sustainable use of water and continuous improvement in water management. It recognize that the world faces a growing water challenge and that responsible management of the world’s resources by all water users is an absolute necessity. Water is a particular area of focus for Nestle. The Nestle Commitments on Water set out their priorities nd objectives on responsible water usage. These are to continue their efforts to reduce the amount of water used in their operations, ensure that activities respect local water resources, ensure that the water they discharge into the environment is clean, engage with suppliers to promote water conservation, especially among farmers, and reach out to others on water conservation and access. Nestle is a founding signatory of the United Nations Global Compact CEO Water Mandate. It monitor and improve water efficiency through their water resources management specialists and in their factories with their environmental Nestle specialists n line with the Nestle Environmental Management System. It recognize the right of all people to have access to clean water to meet their basic needs.SWOT ANALYSIS: Strengths: The first and the most important strength of Nestle is the name of company itself. They never compromise on quality. They produce quality products according to the specification of customer. Their system of sale & sale promotion is also one of the strength of Nestle. In the area in which they want to sell the product they hold seminars and shows. In this area they monitor the sale and increase the production.They try to convince ultimate consumer. The milk collection procedure of Nestle is also one of its strength. They collect milk from selected people and check its purity at the location. Then special trucks take it to factory. Where they boil milk at 140 degree centigrade and then cool it. This process is repeated for 3 to 4 times. There milk contains 3. 5% fat, which is recommended internationally. Weaknesses: One of the weakness of nestle is the product range of Nestle. As there product line is very vast, so they cannot give equal attention toward the promotion of each product.We can take the example of candies produced by Nest le, they give absolutely no attention toward promoting them despite the fact that if we consider the trust people have on nestle brand there is a large market for candies, While they are promoting their milk products effectively. The reason behind this discrepancy is that they have limited budget to promote their products. The other weakness of Nestle is that the company has a very limited number of sales staff in the southern Punjab due to which they are losing some market. Opportunities: Nestle can increase their share if they focus on lower middle class.We can take the example of small pack of Every Day tea whitener whose introduction increases the sales of nestle tremendously. The reason for this was that the price of Every Day tea whitener was with in the range of lower middle class. So, Nestle can increase its share by focusing on lower middle class. The other opportunity for Nestle is that if they introduced milk bottle like Candia and sell them directly to the customers they can increase their share. By selling directly to customers means that they provide milk to the people at their doorsteps. Threats:In Pakistan Nestle face threats from lower companies. We can take the example Haleeb and Dairy Queen. The sales of these products have badly affected the sale of Nestle Milk Pack. Haleeb is well promoted than the Nestle Milk Pak. Nestle also face threat from Cadbury, which is multinational company. Cadbury sell candies and chocolates and it affect the sale of Nestle products in the field of candies Research & Development Nestle's research and development centers have two primary objectives: to create new products and manufacturing processes and to improve those that already exist.Along with product quality and safety, the conservation of resources and the preservation of the environment form an integral part of the development criteria for new projects. Research and development encompasses a wide range of environmentally-related activities with emphasis on: ? environmentally sound production techniques and sourcing criteria for agricultural raw materials; ? processing methods that minimize water and energy consumption, as well as waste generation ? packaging designs that reduce total waste and enable environmentally sound disposal options while safeguarding product safety and quality innovative ways to recover by-products and thus generate secondary raw materials and energy. For important product or process innovation and renovation, Nestle's research and development centers prepare an environmental impact study. This covers significant aspects in the product life cycle, from the sourcing of raw materials, through processing, to the packaged consumer product and the end-life of the packaging material. This study is carefully evaluated, in conjunction with detailed information on the potential manufacturing site, to ensure that new projects meet Nestle's environmental standards.Of the 807 million Swiss francs spent in 1998 on Nestle R throughout the Group, a good part went towards enhancing the wholesomeness of our products. Additionally, these expenditures improved our production process, created better packaging, and avoided waste and unwanted residues.R IS MAKING A DIFFERENCE As an example, significant progress has been made in recent years in energy and water intensive blanching and cooking operations. At the end of these processes water must be removed which resulted in wasted energy and raw materials — vegetables or pasta for example.Now water is replaced by steam at low pressure. As a result, water consumption was reduced by 80% and product losses during cooking were more than halved. This means lower costs for energy and for wastewater treatment, while at the same time increasing the product yield by 6%. In another example, extraction residues from the production of chicory-based instant drinks, which were expensive to dispose of, have been turned into a valuable animal feed ingredient. A recent processing improvement for french fries showed product quality can be significantly improved while also saving energy.One conclusion of R is that what is good for the environment is often synonymous with good industrial practice. Preserving Species The disappearance of many species and varieties of animals and plants is a reality. Over the past few years, this issue has attracted increasing recognition and much is being done today to preserve the earth's biological diversity. Industry plays an important role in these efforts since many business sectors depend on nature's diversity for their sustainable success.Nestle, as the world's largest single buyer of coffee and cocoa, lives up to its responsibility by developing the most advanced preservation techniques for many different coffee and cocoa varieties threatened by extinction. In addition, Nestle collaborates with public research institutes to share its experience and makes its results freely available. In the future, Nestle R&D units are determined to build environmental protection into products and processes right from the start. High on the agenda are integrated farming techniques involving minimal use of fertilizers and chemicals, and ecourse to biological pest control methods whenever possible. SUPPLY CHAIN Agricultural Raw Materials In general, Nestle is not directly involved in the production of raw materials. Wherever possible, locally available raw materials are used.They are either obtained directly from producers or purchased through trade channels. Nestle applies the following principles when sourcing raw materials: ? all raw materials must meet both legal and internal quality criteria, including limits on possible environmental contaminants; ? whenever possible, preference is given to raw materials that are produced by environmentally sound farming methods (e. . integrated crop management); and; ? farmers are encouraged to apply sustainable farming methods and, where appropriate, are provided with assistance in crop production and dairy farming.Such assistance includes the provision of recommendations for the conservation of natural resources (soil, water, air, energy, bio-diversity) and techniques for reducing environmental impact. Manufacturing Manufacturing comprises all processes that are necessary to transform perishable raw materials into safe and convenient food products for consumers. Nestle strives to achieve optimal performance in its manufacturing activities, including the nvironmental aspects. As such, the manufacturing practices of the Group: ? respect natural resources by emphasizing the efficient use of raw materials, water and energy; ? ? ? minimize the use of environmentally-hazardous substances; continuously seek improvement in the efficiency of production facilities; and reduce waste generation and emissions as much as possible, consider recycling of waste a priority and dispose of non-recyclable waste in an environmentally sound manner.Regular environ mental assessments of Nestle's manufacturing practices are conducted to: ? ? valuate factory performance; review factory compliance with applicable legislation and Nestle's own standards; ? fully investigate incidents that could affect the environment and take relevant measures; and ? compare results with previous targets and set new improvement objectives. In addition, Nestle exchanges information on environmental protection technology and practices in order to ensure a wide use of best practices. Nestle encourages its contract manufacturers to use environmentally sound manufacturing practices.Environmental Performance of Our Factories Minimizing the environmental impact of our factories has always been a prime onsideration. Therefore, we periodically review environmental performance of the entire Nestle Group. The results are very encouraging: ? ? Nestle has no major environmental problems. Nestle complies with relevant regulations or, in a few exceptional cases, has initiated act ion to do so. ? Measures taken are proactive and often anticipate future regulations. Many times, measures taken to improve the environment also reduce costs. These surveys also allow us to put concrete figures to our efforts: Over the past years, Nestle has invested an average of some 100 million Swiss francs per year in specific measures to protect the environment.This amounts to approximately 3% of total capital expenditure and includes only readily identifiable environmental investments. In addition, substantial amounts were expended as part of regular capital investment projects and factory environmental operating costs. Examples of these additional expenditures include environmental aspects related to factory construction and renovation, environmental training of personnel, and maintenance costs for wastewater treatment facilities.PackagingPackaging serves a major role in our daily lives. It protects food products from spoilage and ensures safety from manufacture through stora ge, distribution and consumption. Packaging may also provide tamper-evidence features. It communicates information, including nutritional information and serving instructions, and provides the convenience demanded by today's consumers. Nestle is committed to reducing the environmental impact of packaging, without jeopardizing the safety, quality or consumer acceptance of its products.It is Nestle's objective to develop safe and wholesome packaged foods using the most efficient and appropriate packaging materials available, while, at the same time, satisfying consumer requirements and expectations. Nestle seeks packaging solutions that: ? ? result in the lowest possible weight and volume of packages; take into account new packaging materials and processes that reduce the impact on the environment; ? avoid the use of substances that can adversely impact the environment during packaging production and disposal; ? ecrease packaging waste at all stages, including package manufacturing, u se and disposal; ? ? increase the use of recycled materials wherever possible; and increase the recyclability and compatibility of its packages with existing packaging waste management schemes. Regular assessments of Nestle's packaging are carried out and action plans are implemented. Nestle supports industrial and governmental efforts to promote integrated waste management that takes into consideration matters such as source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, energy recovery, and landfill.Nestle encourages suppliers of its packaging materials to adopt sound environmental practices. Packaging Source Reduction Packaging waste is one environmental issue that affects the entire consumer goods industry. However, the gap is wide between reality and perception: While food packaging accounts for less than 1% of total solid waste in most countries, it is highly visible to consumers. Even if the problem of food packaging is small in relation to overall environmental problems, it is nev ertheless an important issue for Nestle. The most direct opportunity to educe the scale of the problem is to use as little material as possible. This is not a recent effort by the food industry. Over the last four decades, between the 1950s and 1990s, the weight of a glass milk bottle has been reduced by 36%, a steel food can by 66%, and an aluminium beer can by 81%. Even though packaging source reduction has always been a consideration, we decided to reinforce these efforts in a more systematic way. The first world-wide environmental packaging survey was completed in 1991 for the Nestle Group and has been repeated annually ever since.The last survey revealed that by the end of 1998, Nestle, without compromising product quality, reduced our use of packaging materials by nearly 150,000 tons compared to 1990. A few recent examples that underline Nestle's efforts: In Australia the Easter Egg Novelty cartons were reduced in size by altering the design to provide support for the egg. The new design resulted in a 31% reduction in use of paper board. In Pakistan the Nestle NIDO package, which consisted of 4 bags in a display box, was replaced by an aluminium stand-up pouch. This resulted in a 39% reduction, or 47 tons, and saves 290,000 Swiss francs per year.In Indonesia the Nestle Dancow 200 and 400g display boxes were reduced in size by 18 and 25%, respectively. This resulted in a waste reduction of 38 tons and saved nearly 100,000 Swiss francs per year. In Columbia the display box for Maggi bouillon tablets was eliminated. This resulted in a reduction of 303 tons of packaging material and represented a savings of over one million Swiss francs per year. While important progress has already been achieved, we strive to continuously identify opportunities for further reduction. Distribution Distribution of products from the factory to the customer involves transport and storage.Efficient management of the distribution system is essential to preserve the safety and qua lity of Nestle's products, to ensure a high level of customer service, and to meet its commitment to environmentally sound business practices. To this end, Nestle: ? selects appropriate transportation modes, with particular attention given to optimum unit loads (pallets), vehicle-capacity utilization, route planning, and consolidation with outside partners, scheduling, and fuel conservation; ? optimises warehouse and distribution center locations and environmentally efficient operational systems; and ? dentifies and implements measures to reduce energy consumption and waste. Nestle encourages its distribution service providers to use environmentally sound practices. Distributing our goods from factory to retail centers consumes some 400 million liters of fuel each year. While we undertake every effort to reduce this, it is useful to put this figure into perspective: the distribution of 10 kg of our products from factories to retail outlets in Europerequires an average of 0. 25 liter s of fuel. To transport the same amount from the supermarket to home, consumers burn, on average, one to two liters of fuel. Efficient Container LoadingImproving transport efficiency benefits the environment, but it also makes economic sense. Seemingly simple measures, such as replacing bulky wooden pallets by thin, carton-type slip-sheets, have the potential to save more than 600 international truck journeys a year in our European operations alone. Optimizing shipping cases to fill transport vehicles without leaving gaps between differently shaped containers, together with optimal route planning, Nestle has already achieved substantial savings. Pioneering Rail Transport In countries with competitive railways, moving goods from road to rail is an effective option to reduce road congestion.For example: ? Vittel has developed a specially adapted block train concept to supply its regional terminals in France. Vittel transports nearly half of its production, or over 930 million bottles per year, by rail. ? Our Swiss, and later the Austrian subsidiary, convinced the railways to offer overnight trains to bring goods from the national distribution centers to terminal stations for local deliveries by road. Marketing Marketing is based on the principle of satisfying consumers' needs. The overall trust of consumers in Nestle's brands and products comes from a quality image that has been continuously strengthened for over 130 years.Nestle strives to increase this trust through its commitment to environmentally sound business practices. For this reason, Nestle: ? opposes short-term, opportunistic â€Å"green marketing† that can mislead the consumer; ? bases environmental claims in advertising, promotional material, labelling, and corporate communications on solid scientific evidence; and ? selects materials and printing methods for merchandising materials such as consumer offers, in-store promotions, display materials, leaflet, and printed materials in light of env ironmental considerations.No â€Å"Green Marketing† Nestle adheres to the Code on Environmental Advertising established by the International Chamber of Commerce. This Code is based on the principle of self- regulation and self-discipline and is intended to assist companies in making responsible use of environmental claims in advertising. Sustainable Development For Nestle, respect for the environment is part of a broader perspective on sustainable development. Nestle has adhered to The Business Charter for Sustainable Development of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) since its publication in 1991.Measures for environmental protection often trigger beneficial economic and social effects, and vice-versa. Since the Rio Summit in 1992, all of society, be it governments, industry, NGOs or others, have tried to translate the sustainable development concept into reality. As part of this effort, we participate in the work of several organizations dealing with this subject: F or example, we are a founding member of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) in Geneva, and we contribute actively in the Working Group Sustainable Development in the City of Vevey. Nestle Working with CommunitiesSouth Africa Nestle is supporting several community-based organizations in putting sustainable development into practice. Recently, in South Africa, we have given support to Eco Link and LEAP to finance and help manage programs which clean up the environment and improve hygiene in rural areas. The Eco Link project is aimed at providing assistance through education. People are taught to collect litter such as paper, cardboard and cans, which when put in a trench and covered with a compost can then be used to plant vegetables. The litter provides the necessary drainage and moisture retention.The project has dual advantages: it cleans up the environment and provides fresh vegetables for the family, as well as providing an income when surplus food is g rown. This program is now being presented to school children who are encouraged to grow small gardens at school. In rural areas water supply is a major problem. Women can spend almost 5 hours a day collecting water for the home. In addition, the springs from which they take the water are often used by animals and can be polluted. Nestle is taking part in a project to help villagers establish a supply of clean water near to home.People were taught how to identify sources of underground springs and to channel rain water and store it in reasonably hygienic conditions. The team taught villagers how to construct a tank to catch the rain water using corrugated iron and wire mesh as a â€Å"mould† which is then plastered with a cement, stone and sand mixture. With a wooden cover on top and a tap at the base the villagers have the means to store clean, drinkable water. Information, Communication & Training Nestle provides information on its activities, including those related to the protection of the environment.Within this context, Nestle: ? communicates its environmental efforts, both inside and outside the Company, to build understanding concerning its environmental commitment; ? fosters strong environmental awareness and responsibility among its employees through training programs; and ? shares environmental information with governments, local communities, industry, consumers and other interested stakeholders. We do this through a wide variety of means. For example, our factory environmental surveys involve thousands of people at all levels, from top management to the factory floor.These practical exercises are reinforced by in-house magazines, specialized newsletters, and videos. To help educate the public, Nestle works with organizations that produce films on environmental issues, sponsor re-forestation programs, or create educational materials for the public. These activities are also important to our role in sustainable development. At our international training center in Switzerland, environmental issues are now a regular part of courses attended by Nestle's international executives. These efforts are multiplied by countless training sessions organized by our Group companies.Internal communication and training are a priority for Nestle. As a people-driven company, employees are our most important asset. Thus, we emphasize all measures that help them act in an environmentally responsible manner. Legislation Nestle complies with all laws and regulations which apply to its activities, including those involving the environment. To promote an effective regulatory system with respect to the environment, Nestle: ? participates in legislative and regulatory discussions between international organizations, government representatives, industry, the scientific community, and consumer associations; ? ? supports appropriate voluntary initiatives designed to protect the environment; fosters rational environmental laws and regulations; opposes unjustified prohibitions and other discriminatory measures; and ? favors the harmonizing of environmental laws, regulations and standards in order to eliminate existing and future trade barriers. Nestle Environmental Management System Nestle has made systematic efforts to account for environmental concerns of all its activities.In particular, we have appointed environmental officers, issued policies, conducted environmental surveys, reinforced training efforts, developed environmental communications, and made many innovations in our packaging. To complement and integrate these efforts, we created and implemented Nestle's own Environmental Management System. The Nestle Environmental Management System (NEMS) is an essential corporate management tool that consolidates all organizational and technical measures taken by the Group to achieve environmentally sound business practices.The NEMS objectives include the following: ? to provide a systematic approach that ensures compliance with N estle's environmental policy, applicable legislation and Nestle's operational standards; ? to ensure the continuous improvement of Nestle's environmental performance, for example, through the conservation of natural resources and minimizing waste; ? to achieve compatibility with international voluntary standards on environmental management systems, such as ISO 14001 and the European Union Eco-Management and Audit Scheme; and ? o build mutual trust with consumers, governmental authorities and business partners. The Nestle Environmental Management System is being implemented throughout Nestle's entire operation. We believe NEMS will enhance our global performance and contribute to our competitiveness in the world market. NEMS in Action: Germany First EMAS Registration of a Nestle Factory at Weiding, Germany On December 19, 1995, our factory in Weiding, Germany became the first Nestle factory in Europe to be registered in the European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS).This means t hat Weiding's environmental management system and public environmental statement have been examined and validated by an external, accredited verifier. Weiding Factory Greatly Reduced Disposed Waste Even Prior to EMAS Employing around 900 people and producing more than 550 high-value products ranging from infant foods to condensed milk to chilled deserts, the Weiding factory is one of largest plants in Germany. The existence of a comprehensive waste management scheme at the factory was of great assistance in developing the new environmental management system.As part of the development of the environmental management system, environmental manuals were prepared both for the factory and Nestle Germany. These manuals provide the foundation of the system setting policies, principles, and management procedures related to the environmental aspects of the operations. In addition, a site-related environmental statement was published that included an â€Å"invitation to dialogue† addres sed to employees, authorities, clients, suppliers, the media, and neighboring communities. The EMAS registration has been successfully repeated in 1998 and complemented with an ISO 14001 ertification. Following Weiding, several other Nestle factories throughout the world have succeeded in obtaining ISO 14001 certification and EMAS registration. NEMS in Action: USA In 1996, the Danville, Virginia, USA factory was the first Nestle US factory to fully implement NEMS – which is based on and consistent with ISO 14001 Danville has shown that good environment is also good business. In the first year of implementing NEMS, the factory reduced solid waste by over 10% resulting in savings of $370,000 and reduced its wastewater impact and concentrations by 8%.These successes were made possible through the dedication of the factory employees and a strong emphasis on training and awareness. The factory implemented an environmental training program as part of the new employee orientation an d the semiannual environmental training for all employees. Waste Reduced Through NEMS NEMS Supports the Environment and Business Cumulative Savings The continuing nature of NEMS has facilitated similar accomplishments annually. To date, factory savings related to NEMS have exceeded $800,000 and solid wastes have been reduced by 41%.NEMS in Action: Philippines Part of NEMS is ensuring a high degree of employee environmental awareness. As an example, Nestle Philippines, in implementation of NEMS, prepared through an interdisciplinary task force, a highly regarded environmental training program. This program is continuously provided to groups of employees and highlights specific issues related to their job functions and protection of the environment. The success of this program is evidenced by the numerous awards received by Nestle Philippines manufacturing facilities.Most notable of these are: ? â€Å"Outstanding Healthy Workplace Award† given by government agencies including t he Department of Health, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and the Department of Labor and Employment, to the Cabuyao and Lipa Factories in 1998. ? â€Å"Mother Nature Award† given by the Pollution Control Association of the Philippines in 1998. ? â€Å"Anvil Award of Excellence† given by the Public Relations Society of the Philippines for Nestle's efforts in enhancing the environmental awareness of the public. â€Å"Most Environment-Friendly Company† Award given by the Laguna Lake Development Authority to three Nestle factories (Cabuyao, Aurora, and Alabang) in 1996. ? One of the â€Å"Greenest Company† Awards given by the DENR to the Aurora factory in 1996. The water discharge from these facilities is of very high quality. Tilapia, a fresh water fish, often harvested for food, abundantly grows in the clarifying ponds and discharge canals of their treatment facilities. Nestle Pakistan Nestle MilkPak Limited (NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.L) was incor porated in Pakistan under the Companies Ordinance, 1984 & listed on Karachi and Lahore stock exchanges since 1980. Joint venture between Nestle Switzerland and MilkPak Limited came about in 1988. Nestle Pure Life was launched in Pakistan in 1998 REGIONAL SALES OFFICES Nestle has 10 Regional Sales Offices in all over the Pakistan. : Karachi F – 77/1, Block 7,Clifton, KDA Scheme 5,Karachi, Sind, Pakistan Phone: (021) 5833935-6 Fax: (021) 5833937 Hyderabad 178, Block C, Unit 2Latifabad, Hyderabad, Sind, Pakistan Phone: (0221) 860403Fax: (0221) 863202 Sukkur F – 33/5 – CWorkshop RoadSukkur, Sind, Pakistan.Phone: (071) 615946Fax: (071) 615946 Lahore 29-B, Main Gulberg,Lahore, Punjab, PakistanPhone: (042) 5754335-6, 5761484Fax: (042) 515061 Quetta 63 B – D, Chaman Housing Scheme, Opposite Askari Park Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan Phone: (081) 834887Fax: (081) 822297 Islamabad 74-W, Yaseen Plaza, 1st Floor, Blue Area, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone: (051) 271874-75,8 24328, 824384, 274376 These offices work under their respective zonal offices Registered & Corporate Office Is in Lahore 308 – Upper Mall, Lahore PABX: 5757082-95 Fax: 5711820 Faisalabad House No. 4-Y-103 Madina Town,Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Phone: (041)726993Fax: (041) 47438 Gujranwala Plot No: 144-A, First Floor Satellite-Town Market, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Phone: (055) 3733415 Fax: (055) 3733415 Peshawar 201, 2nd Floor, City Tower, Jamrud Road, B Block,Peshawar, N. W. F. P. , Pakistan Phone: (091) 840859, 842415Fax: (091)45516 Multan Surij Miani Road, Chungi No. ,Multan, Punjab, Pakistan Phone: (061) 515061Fax: (061) 515061 Quetta 63 B – D, Chaman Housing Scheme, Opposite Askari Park Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan Phone: (081) 834887Fax: (081) 822297 Islamabad 74-W, Yaseen Plaza, 1st Floor, Blue Area, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone: (051) 271874-75,824328, 824384, 274376 These offices work under their respective zonal offices Registered & Corporate Office Is in Lahore 308 – Upper Mall, Lahore PABX: 5757082-95 Fax: 5711 SALES ORGANIZATION HIERARCHY Managing Director IAN Donald Sales Director Zafar Hussain Shah Zonal Sales Manager Ammad MalikRegional Sales Manager Abdul Mateen Khan Area Sales Manager 6 ASM Territory Incharge TI 14 Order Booker FACTORIES 250 Nestle has two factories in Pakistan for the production of different food items. One in Sheikhupura near Lahore and other in Kabirwala near Multan Product Design Product design can be defined as the idea generation, concept development, testing and manufacturing or implementation of a physical object or service The Nestle Pure Life water bottles themselves have a shaped design, sort of a hour-glass shape with larger top and bottom with indented waist.The bottom 1/3 of the bottle has ridged lines to help with hold and grip on the bottle There is a bright blue label strip that runs around Unique bottle design, developed by designer’s team, catchy self-adhesive and glossy labe l, and trendy name, give to the product the edge that is needed to be spotted on the shelves INFLUENCES UPON DESIGN ? Service Expected. ? Appearance ? Shipping Costs ? Cost to Manufacture ? consumer preferences Nestle Milkpak Ltd. As a consequence of joint venture arrangement between NestleS. A. of Switzerland and Milkpak Ltd.In 1988, the existing production facility of Milkpak in Sheikhupura became a part of Nestle Milkpak. The Milkpak Sheikhupura factory had commenced operations in1981 as a producer of UHT milk. By 1988, it had expanded its operation and was also producing butter, cream, Desi ghee – all under the brand name of MILKPAK and juice drinks under the brand name FROST. Conscious of the large food market that Pakistan offered, Nestle Milkpak drew up ambitious expansion plans. While re-organizing and re-enforcing the production of existing brands, it lost no time in giving shape to new production lines.The first to come was a milk powder plant, which not only began producing NIDO in 1990but was also critical to the production of several milk-based products in the future. With the installation of the roller dryer in1990, the first such product to come was CERELAC – an internationally recognized brand on infant cereal, followed by LACTOGEN 1 & 2 in 1991. The year 1992 saw the introduction of tea whitener EVERYDAY and milk powder in bulk packing named GLORIA. MILO and NESLAC came under production in 1994 and MILO RTD, In 1995. Local packing of coffee mixes under the name of NESCAFE 3 in 1commenced the same year.In 1996, Nestle Milkpak Ltd. first confectionery plant of POLO Mint was installed and the line of NESTL’E PURE ORANGE JUICE was also added. Packaging of coffee under the brand name NESCAFE CLASSIC was under taken the same year. In 1997 NESTL’E WHEAT and two variants of POLO viz. strawberry and Orange were introduced. 1998 has been, by far, the most outstanding year for Nestle Milkpak. As a result of the timely implemen tation of major expansion plans, involving a substantial capital outlay, no less than 17 products were launched during the year.Significantly, the factory now houses three new flavors of POLO in addition to two flavors of POLO, namely Black current and Strong Mint brought the number of POLO variants to five. A new variant Lemony was added to the range of popular FROST fruit drink flavors and a new 1-liter packing of FROST was introduced. Three flavored milk – Vanilla, Strawberry and Mango, under the brand FRESH & FRUITY, came under production on the new Tetra Filling Machine equipped with the modern â€Å"slim† format. MILO RTD and UHT Cream were also shifted over to this new format.A flexible confectionery line for the manufacture of a wide range of high and low boiled sweets and toffees was commissioned, with TOFFO and two variants of SOOTHERS – Menthol Eucalyptus and Honey Lemon, being the maiden products. Nestle Milkpak also contracted to supply dairy mixes to McDonald’s, for its popular soft serves and milk shakes. And to top it all, the most prestigious project, NESTLE PURE LIFE was also commissioned in December1998. based on the latest water treatment and bottling technology, this marked the entry of Nestle Milkpak in the Pakistan water market.In the past, Indus Fruit Products Ltd. has been co-processing fruit pulping for Nestle Milkpak. In view of the growing needs of fruit pulp for its products as well as for exports, Nestle Milk pak entered into a 5-year lease agreement with the management enables Nestle Milkpak to put in place its own systems to ensure better product quality and capacity utilization. The new cold sauces production line has been established at this plant. ESTABLISHMENT OF NESTLE MILKPAK, KABIRWALA FACTORY In 1986 Milkpak Ltd. acquired the services of Kabirwala Dairy Ltd. For co packing of UHT milk under the brand name MILKPAK.Nestle Milkpak acquired KDL in 1990 as a subsidiary and began installation on a M AGGI NOODLES plant in 1991. this production line became operational in 1992 with two flavors: Chicken and Masala. This second milk powder plant was commissioned in September 1996. the plant produces NIDO, GLORIA and skim milk powder. The UHT line was discontinued in June 1996 and the same year witnessed the launching of the MAGGI YAKHNI linewith 3 flavors: Chicken, Masala and Chatpata. With the merger of this factory with Nestle Milkpak in April 1997,Kabirwala Factory, as it is now called, is a fully owned unit of Nestle Milkpak Ltd.In February 1999 the newly installed evaporator came on stream in Kabirwala Factory, doubling the output of the spray dryer. Alongside, the warehouse capacity at Kabirwala to handle the increased volumes of finished products was proportionately increased. 1999 also saw the installation of a pouch-filling machine, making Kabirwala Factory independent from Sheikhupura . YEAR 1981 1983 1986 UHT Milk Butter Milk Desi Frost PRODUCT NAME Pak Cream Ghee Juice M ilk Pak UHT Milk 1990 Nido Cerelac 1991 Nestum Lectogen 1992 Everyday Gloria Maggis Noodles Tea Whitener 1994 Milo Neslac 1996Nestea Polo Nescafe Classic Maggi Yakhni 1997 Nestle Wheat 1998 Toffo Soothers Nestle Pure Life 1999 Maggi Fruit Butter Skotch Sauces Drops 2001 Nescafe Creamy Flavors Cream milk powder Nestle Milkpak Ltd. Market Leader Nestle Milkpak Ltd. is the market leader in food and beverage industry. They are producing high quality well known brands. There is no such competitor that can compete Nestle Milkpak Ltd . in its total product mix. There are a few local competitors of the company in different product item. These competitors are: Rafhan Rafhan is competing Nestle in infant and follow up cereals.Shezan and Bambino Shezan and Bambino is competing Nestle Milkpak’s local brand â€Å"Frost†. CDL and Adar-e-kisan: These two competitors are competing in milk and milk powder products. In spite of this competition, Nestle Milkpak Ltd. is enjoying about 70- 75% market share in Pakistan. DIVISIONS OF NESTLE MILK PAK ltd. Production Division Quality asst Department Brand wise production departments Marketing Division Customer Relation Department Distribution Department Research & Development Milk Collection Division Agriculture service Department Logistic Department HR Division Personnel departmentFinance Division Treasury department OBJECTIVES OF NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. ? The major objective of the company is to sell high quality, innovative and superior products which satisfy needs and wants of consumers. ? ? Nestle not maximize profit through high market share but use satisfaction of consumer. The health of consumer and employees is at primary priorities ? Nestle provide the pollution free enviroNestle Milkpak ltd. ent and provide the medical facilities ? ? Nestle establish policies, programs and practices to conduct operation in an enviroNestle Milkpak ltd. ntally sound manner. Nestle operate to achieve highest standard of ethical conduc t, which acquire company’s activities and relationship world-wide in each business sector. ? Nestle aim to deal only with reputable suppliers who willing to apply Nestle Quality Standard. ? Nestle has been committed to enviroNestle Milkpak ltd. entally sound business practices throughout the world. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. The top management of Nestle MilkPak continuously carries on environmental scanning and within the environmental trends.Opportunities & opportunities they carry on required adjustments in their organization to remain variable and to survive in the face of competition. CORE COMPETENCIES Nestle Milk Pak has the following core competencies. WORK FORCE Nestle Milk Pak has a small work force as their most of the operations are automated. They have a very skillful and trained workforce. FACILITIES The NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. ’s facilities i. e. offices stores and plants are very well located and have the requisite capabilities, which is a big c ompetitive advantage for them.SYSTEM AND TECHNOLOGY Nestle Milkpak ltd. is an organization which heavily depends upon new systems and technologies to excel in the market. The organization is well equipped with new developed systems and technologies especially in their operations COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES Following are the competitive priorities of NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. Consistent quality Development speed Volume flexibility QUALITY Quality is the cone competitive priority of NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. They take quality in two ways. High performance design and consistent quality. CONSISTENT QUALITYNESTLE MILKPAK LTD. pays special attention for maintaining consistent quality. They have special sort of equipments and process which facilitates in maintaining a consistent quality. So the each and every unit of its product equally satisfies its customers. DEVELOPMENT SPEED As for as develop speed is concerned NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. is the industry leader not only in Pakistan but all over the world. Th ey have a team of very innovative people which consistently focus on the development of new products and to improve the already existing products. VOLUME FLEXIBILITYVolume flexibility is one of the competitive priority of NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. When the availability of Milk is high in winter season they increase their production as the milk cannot be stored for longer period of time. In season when there is shortage of milk their production rate dropped. So they can adjust their volume of production according to their requirements. FLOW STRATEGY Flow strategy is one of the primary element of operations strategy. Based on competitive priorities a flow strategy is selected. It specifies has the operations system to be organized and handled.For different set of products different flow strategies can be implemented. LINE FLOW STRATEGY NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. has adopted the line flow strategy here the system is organized around the product. In this strategy all products follow linear pattern in facility. NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. has high volume production with highly automated facility and huge capital investment is there and the standardized products they produce. So they follow the line strategy. STRATEGIES BASED ON FLOW Following are the flow based strategies adopted by NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. MAKE TO STOCK STRATEGY NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. ollows the make to stock strategy. They have high volume production and the demand for their products can be forecasted quite well, there exist repetition of work and a consistent quality is maintained all these priorities lead to make to stock strategy. STANDARDIZED SERVICE STRATEGY The products which are provided by NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. are standardized. Therefore the standardized service strategy also exist in NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. Ltd. They have standardized and consistent quality products. PRODUCTION PROCESS Milk Collection & Reception Storing Standardization De-CreamingCooling Spray drying Evaporation Pasteurization Packing MILK COLLECTION Milk Collection system of Industry is excellent. According to this system the companies’ trucks reach 140000 milkmen and collect milk daily. The milkmen provide milk on contract basis. Prices of milk vary in case of self-collection and contract basis. On milk center price of milks is paid at Rs. 5. 80 per liter at 6% Fats. If the quality of fat is less than required 6% then price will be paid less proportionately. Percentage of FAT in Various Kinds of Milk. Buffalo 6% Fat Cow 3. 5% Goat 3% Sheep 6% Human 3. 5%At milk collection centers, Gerber Test in done for the determination of Fat. Companies are bounded to maintain 3. 5%Fats under pure Food Laws. It is legal requirement throughout the world Milk collection system of Nestle Milk Pak is excellent. According to this system milk is collected from area of about 72,000 km . Village Milk centers Sub centers Main Centers 2273 583 23 On milk centers price of milk is paid according to percentage offers. If the quality of fat is les s than required (6%) than price will be paid accordingly. At milk collection centers, gerber test is performed for determination of fat.In milk collection centers temperature of milk is kept at 4oC. Nestle purchase milk directly few frames, there is no middle man. Collection Areas are in all over Punjab Nestle Milk Pak divide the areas in following Categories: ? ? ? ? Sahiwal, Burewala, Okara etc. Pindi Bhattian, Chaniot, Sarghoda Kabir Wala, Mian Channu, Shorkot, Kahane wal, Kacha KHU Bahawalpur , Bahawalnagar, Chistian, Ahmadpur There are Area collection managers, Milk collection Cocoordinators and Milk Collection Supervisors in each Area for collection of specific amount of Milk in specific time. RECEPTIONFrom milk collection centers milk is collected and delivered to factory daily seal of tankers are properly decided. Receiving capacity of milk is 60,000 liters. At reception following tests are performed before storing milk to assure the quality of milk. 1. Alcohol precipitation test 2- Clot an boiling 3- Fat (5. 8% – 6%) 4- SNF (Solid non fat) (8. 5-8. 9) 5- PH test (6. 8 – 6. 9 Up to reception temp of milk is about 8-10oC, there is no rejection on temperature basis. Trollers are not preferred to stay more than 1. 75 Hrs. in factory so that they can in time collect milk for next day.STORING OF MILK Milk is stored in storage tanks called Silos. The capacity to store milk is 596 tons. There are 5 Silos of100 tons each, 2 Silos of 10 tons each, 1 Silo of 70 tons. Milk can be stored for 36 Hours in Silos. STANDARDIZATION All the animals have different composition of fats in their milk indifferent seasons. Standardize milk according to the recipe milk is given temperature of 72oC for 15 seconds to reduce bacteria’s in milk, this process is called thermization life of milk is increased by this process and in standardization composition of fats and SNF are standardized.DE-CREAMING In this process dirt particles, SNF and cream is separated, m ilk is given temp of 60oC and 60,000 rpm in de-creamer. So that dirt particles cream can be separated. Cream is send to butter section. Dirt is drained after 30 seconds milk is send for further processes. PASTEURIZATION In This Process milk is heated at 92 oC for 5 seconds to remove remaining bacteria’s. Milk powder process activities After pasteurization milk to treated for conversion into powder, following activities are performed to milk: Evaporation a) Low heat treatment Milk is heated at high pressure of 889 milli bar so that it start boiling at about 70 oC . (b)4-effect falling film Milk is evaporated in 4 effect system. Milk is evaporated about 56%, 62%, 67% and 75% after 1st 2nd 3rd and 4th effect respectively. After 3rd effect Homogenization is done which uneven composition of fats and SNF is homogenized Spray drying In this process there are 5 lateral high pressure nozzles which exert high pressure on milk after that there which exert high pressure on milk after tha t there are about 50% water and 50%solids are remained in milk.After this step about 320oC hot air is thrown on milk, it is very quick process in which powder settle in base and moisture evaporate in forms of vapors. Central lecithination Lecithinate is sprayed on powder so that it is converted into highly dissolvable powder. That way Nestle Milk Pak say â€Å" Nido is instant Milk† (easily dissolvable in hot ad cold water). Drying After all these procuress still powder has 5. 5 % moisture in it, Powder is dried through xEgran System to reduce moisture level up to 3. 1% Cooling After drying there is a cooling process, in which powder is cooled before storing.Storing of powder Powder is stored in bins there are 40 bins. Packing Milk is packed in different packing according to the weight required, form tote tilting station from bins. Capacity Capacity is the maximum rate of output for a facility. The operations manager must provide the capacity to meet current and future demand s; otherwise the organization will miss the opportunities for growth & profits. Capacity planning is duty of top management and it is long term . In flush season when milk is abundantly available they utilize capacity 100% as cleaning time is just 4 hours daily and 20 hours for working.Installed capacity in NIDO plant is 560 tons, it produces 4 tons / Hours & in 20 working hrs it can produce 80tons per day. In summer when availability of milk is lower they have their annual shut down (June). They have training session for employees and vacations in that time. There are certain standards for labor utilization. Efficiency of employees is calculated daily. LOCATION Facility location is the process of determining a geographic site for a firm’s operations. Nestle Pack has located one of its factories at KabirwalaREASONS FOR SELECTING THIS LOCATION PROXIMITY TO SUPPLIERS AND RESOURCES This factory has been located in this area because here the supply of milk is more than the requir ement of the local area. This factory location is immensely surrounded by Agricultural farms, villages and small towns. The people o f these areas have their own animals and the feudal of the region have their own live stock farms. So there is abundant milk available. Furthermore, by locating one factor y at Sheikhupura and the other at Kabirwala the Nestl MilkPak can cover the geographic area of milk collection very well, especially the area of whole Punjab.REPUTATION OF THE LOCATION Placing of the factory at Kabirwala is also advantageous in this way that at the current place there was actually the factory in the name of Kabirwala Dairies Ltd. (KDL). So the place has thereputation of having a milk factory. The suppliers of milk are already oriented with this location. PROXIMITY TO NATIONAL HIGHWAY Kabirwala factory is quite closer to National Highways so the transportation of Raw Material and Finished Goods is also easier. In the end we can say that the most important and critical factor for locating the facility at this place is the availability of the milk in this area.SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Supply Chain |Management seeks to synchronize a firms functions and those of its suppliers to match the flow of materials ,services and information with customer demand. A basic purpose of supply Chain management is to control inventory by managing the flows of materials. TYPES OF INVENTORIES Following types of inventories are kept by Nestle Milkpak Kabirwala: RAW MATERIALS Raw Material inventory of Nestle MilkPak consists of milk. Their Raw Material is kept in Silos . Silos are the big tanks, which are used to store the milk.Inventories of their raw materials cannot be maintained in bulk quality and for a longer period of time. The factory can store the milk up to 596000 liters. They have five silos for storing the milk all have different capacities. The milk can remain there for the period of 36 hours without loosing quality. WORK IN PROCESS INVENTORIES Work in proc ess inventories are not to huge. Whatever they put into production they stop production after its completion if there is no unusual break down. The unpacked goods inventory can be considered as the WIP inventory. The condensed milk is stored in Bins.Bins are the big boxes in which the milk powder is stored before packing it. hen through an automatic plant the milk is packed. The butter is stored in huge tubs. From where that is packed through the automatic. FINISHED GOODS INVENTORY Inventories of packaging material can also be included in WIP inventories. The packing material is purchase externally. The supplier of packing material is packag